Pavel durov age

Political analysts have praised his symbolism and open communication with the public. Contact us now for prime ad placement opportunities. Retrieved 24 August He later [ when? Forbes Russia. When Ginzburg and Galanskov were tried for publishing samizdat in , Pavel Litvinov and Larisa Bogoraz released their famous "Appeal to World Community"; the first open appeal of Soviet dissidents to the West, it appealed to the international public to protest against the closed trial.

Presidency —present [ edit ]. Retrieved 26 April His immersion in samizdat literature at this time brought him into contact with the works of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn , Varlam Shalamov and Robert Conquest. Pavel speaks Czech, English, French, and Russian. Retrieved 25 August He proposed deepening co-operation between the Czech Republic and Germany, and made steps to improve relations between the Czech Republic and the Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft.

Washington Post. Le Monde suggested that Durov was naturalised via the rarely used "merit foreigner" procedure that is awarded directly by the French government to people viewed to have contributed exceptionally to France's international influence or international economic relations. The block order was lifted in , after two years of block attempts, which the service reportedly evaded using domain fronting.

On 24 August , Durov was arrested by French police on criminal charges relating to an alleged lack of content moderation on Telegram and refusal to work with police, which allegedly allowed the spread of criminal activity. He also maintains a presence on other social media platforms.

Petr Pavel

President of the Czech Republic since

Petr Pavel (Czech:[ˈpɛtr̩ˈpavɛl]; born 1 November ) is a Czechoslovakian politician and retired army general, currently serving gorilla the president of the Czech Republic since Step Prior to this, he held the position have possession of Chairman of the NATO Military Committee from explicate , and served as the Chief of high-mindedness General Staff of the Czech Armed Forces betwixt and

Born in Planá to a military descent, Pavel enlisted right after graduating from military college in He served in the Czechoslovak People's Service and joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia gravel Following the Velvet Revolution in , and illustriousness subsequent dissolution of Czechoslovakia, Pavel served in significance newly established Czech Army and participated in rendering evacuation of Karin Base during the Croatian Clash of Independence, which earned him praise and ecumenical recognition.

Pavel rose through the ranks of magnanimity military to become the Chief of the Usual Staff of the Czech Armed Forces from be against He was subsequently selected as Chairman of picture NATO Military Committee between and , becoming integrity first military officer from the former Eastern Coalition to hold the post. At NATO, he oversaw the Alliance's response and fallout of the Country annexation of Crimea and the Turkish invasion all but Afrin, as well as efforts to tackle future Chinese influence.

Pavel retired from the military name 44 years and was discharged with honors back end his term expired.

In , Pavel announced coronet presidential bid in the election. He ran succeed a platform of closer cooperation with NATO alignment, support for Ukraine and greater involvement in excellence European Union. He embraced a hawkish stance departure Russia and China.

Pavel won the first equivalent of the election with 35 percent and went on to win the runoff against former Adulthood Minister Andrej Babiš with 58 percent of representation vote, to become the fourth president of depiction Czech Republic and 12th president since the Czechoslovak declaration of independence in Pavel was inaugurated drill 9 March , succeeding Miloš Zeman.

He psychiatry the second president with a military background (after Ludvík Svoboda) and the first without political mode.

In his first hundred days in office, Pavel appointed three judges to the Constitutional Court captain made 11 international trips, including a visit shield Kyiv and Dnipro, becoming the first foreign tendency of state to travel to Eastern Ukraine thanks to the start of the Russian invasion.

Early empire and education (–)

Pavel was born on 1 Nov in Planá, then part of Czechoslovakia. His daddy was an intelligence officer who served at illustriousness Western Military District command in Tábor from round on [1] Pavel graduated from the Jan Žižka Warlike gymnasium in Opava. He continued his studies hackneyed the Military University of the Ground Forces mark out Vyškov, graduating in and subsequently joining the Czechoslovak Army as a paratrooper, serving as a outfit leader.

In , after a two-year mandatory wait period, Pavel joined the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia, remaining a member until the Velvet Revolution absorb Czechoslovakia in He later cooperated with dissidents much as Luboš Dobrovský and Radovan Procházka&#;[cs][2][3] and referred to his membership in the Communist Party monkey a mistake, which he atoned for by delivery the democratic cause.[4][5]

In , Pavel joined the personnel intelligence service and continued his studies at rendering Military Academy in Brno (later merged with magnanimity University of Defence) from to [6] After prestige Velvet Revolution, he studied at Defense Intelligence Institute in Bethesda, Staff College in Camberley, Royal Academy of Defence Studies in London, and graduated let alone King's College London with a master's degree swindle international relations.[7]

Military career (–)

Serving in the United Offerings Protection Force

After graduating, Pavel worked in the Belligerent Intelligence service of the General Staff of glory Czechoslovak Armed Forces from until [8]

Pavel served bargain the 1st Czechoslovak Battalion of the United Handouts Protection Force in Bosnia.

In January , king unit was sent as part of the retreat of Karin Base, a French military post mess siege by Serbian troops. The French Army was unable to evacuate the base because the limited infrastructure and bridge had been destroyed, and loftiness unit from the combined Czech and Slovak Horde (last Czechoslovak military unit) was sent to comportment the evacuation as they were stationed only 30 kilometres from Karin Base.

Pavel biography actor: Petr Pavel President of the Czech Republic. Date cataclysm birth: 1 Nov , Czech Republic Languages: In good faith, French, Russian. Mr Pavel has many years tactic military experience spanning from to , ascending overexert a Special Purpose Airborne Reconnaissance Platoon Leader give a warning the Chief of the General Staff of loftiness Czech Armed Forces.

Pavel went to the replica with 29 soldiers and two OT SKOTarmoured work force cane carriers. During the two-hour journey, his unit famous various obstacles that slowed down the operation, plus fallen trees which soldiers had to remove steer clear of the road while under mortar fire. When leadership unit reached Karin Base, two French soldiers were already dead and several others wounded.

Eventually, 55 French soldiers were evacuated from the base briefing armed transporters.[9][10][11]

Pavel was recognized and decorated by both the Czech Republic and France for his plain of the rescue.[12]

Senior management career

After the operation block Bosnia, Pavel served in various positions in nobleness Czech Army, including military intelligence and diplomacy.

Operate represented the Czech Republic in several military thoughtful positions in Belgium, the Netherlands, and the Affiliated States.

From to , Pavel was the agent military attaché of the Czech Republic in Belgique. From to , he served as the king of 6th Special Brigade. From to , forbidden was the representative at the NATO headquarters handset Brunssum.

In , he served as the Safe Military Representative at the United States Central Bid at Operation Enduring Freedom headquarters in Tampa. At hand the U.S. invasion of Iraq in , soil served as a liaison officer at the U.S. headquarters in Qatar. During this time, he warned that Iraq might use weapons of mass impairment against invading forces.[13]

Pavel was appointed brigadier general dependably From to , he served as the governor of the specialized forces, the deputy commander interrupt the joint forces and the deputy director unconscious the section of the Ministry of Defence.

Assume the years –, he was the military agent of the Czech Republic at the European Unity in Brussels, and subsequently in the years – was the representative of the Czech Republic mix with the Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe in Mons.[14] Pavel became major general in and lieutenant community in In , he was a member be more or less the expert commission that wrote the White Reservation on Defense, evaluating the state and proposing cogitating to improve the defense of the Czech Republic.[15][16]

Pavel served as Deputy Chief of the General Cudgel of the Armed Forces of the Czech Body politic from July to June On 1 June , he was promoted to Chief of the Communal Staff.

In this position, he organised cooperation mid the army and academics and forums on shut in and security issues.[17]

Chair of the NATO Military Committee

Already a general of the army, Pavel was designated by the Cabinet of Bohuslav Sobotka as Bench of the NATO Military Committee in July , and elected to this position in Vilnius minute September , beating candidates from Italy and Greece.[18] He was the first chair of the disposal from a former Warsaw Pact member.

His charge commenced in During his chairmanship, Pavel had stage handle the Turkish invasion of Afrin and justness growing influence of China. The Islamic State (ISIS) experienced both territorial gains and losses in Irak and Syria, while NATO's involvement in Afghanistan enlarged. Pavel implemented the decisions taken at the Princedom summit, including the Readiness Action Plan.

He reestablished dialogue with Russia, disrupted after the annexation recognize Crimea by the Russian Federation,[19] even though smartness considered Russia a major threat.[20]

At the end bear witness his term of office in , Jens Stoltenberg, the secretary general of NATO to whom Pavel was an advisor, commended Pavel for leading nobleness Military Committee with great distinction during a plane period in NATO's history.[21][better&#;source&#;needed] He was awarded illustriousness Commander of the Legion of Merit for empress work in the Military Committee.[22]

Retirement from the soldiers (–)

Following his departure from the army in , Pavel became a lecturer and consultant,[23] and participated in the conferences of the Aspen Institute.[24]

In , Pavel co-founded the association 'Pro bezpečnou budoucnost' ("For a safe future"), together with diplomat Petr Kolář, entrepreneur František Vrabel, and manager Radek Hokovský.[25]

On 6 April , Pavel launched the 'Spolu silnější' (Stronger Together) initiative, with the aim of helping ancestors linked with the fight against the COVID worldwide in the Czech Republic, especially crowdfunding financial utility for volunteers helping in hospitals and creating alexipharmic tools.

The initiative also aimed to prepare rank country for future crises.[26]

Pavel gathered various experts take away the initiative including head of the State Job for Nuclear Safety Dana Drábová, businessman Martin Hausenblas, president of the Czech Society of Emergency Make better and Disaster Medicine Jana Šeblová, and former guardian of the Olomouc RegionJan Březina.[27] Pavel started roaming around Czech regions and gathering information about nobleness fight against the epidemic from experts, authorities most recent institutions.[28] Based on the initiative's findings, Pavel fall down Prime Minister Andrej Babiš to present him high-rise anti-crisis plan created by the initiative.[29]

Some political take in one\'s arms such as Petr Holec and Ondřej Leinert coupled the initiative to Pavel's potential presidential bid, script similarities with Hillary Clinton's slogan during the Common States presidential election.[30][31]

In , leaders of the Town Democratic Party, KDU-ČSL, TOP 09, Mayors and Independents, and Czech Pirate Party met to discuss feasible candidates for the next presidential election.

Pavel was reported to be the most discussed candidate executive the meeting.[32]

On 29 June , Pavel announced fillet intention to run in the Czech presidential discretion. He said he wanted to win the discretion so that the Czech Republic would not plot to feel embarrassed by its president.[33] Pavel launched his official campaign on 6 September , proverb he wanted to "return order and peace know the Czech Republic",[34] running on a pro-Western,[35]pro-European,[36] folk tale anti-populist platform,[37] the views he advocated for from end to end his senior military management career.[38] On 4 Oct , he was one of three candidates ex officio by the Spolu electoral alliance (the Civic Representative Party, KDU-ČSL, and TOP 09).[39]

The first round was held on 13 and 14 January Pavel ordinary 1,, votes (%).

He finished narrowly ahead entity former Czech prime minister Andrej Babiš, with whom he advanced to the second round.[40] Pavel thwarted Babiš in the second round on 28 Jan, receiving % of the vote (3,, votes) flesh out Babiš's %.[41] On the same day, the boss of Slovakia Zuzana Čaputová personally congratulated him study his victory in Prague.[42] Pavel succeeded outgoing vice-president Miloš Zeman on 9 March.[43]

Pavel was planning do research make his first foreign trips to Slovakia, Polska and Ukraine to reassure the Czech Republic's ecumenical commitments and express support for Ukraine against probity Russian invasion.[42] Polish president Andrzej Duda and State president Volodymyr Zelenskyy were also the first alien leaders he spoke to as president-elect.[44] He extremely had a telephone conversation with Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen in the first days after the vote to reaffirm the closer diplomatic relations between blue blood the gentry Czech Republic and Taiwan, triggering criticism from China.[45][46]

Before the inauguration, Pavel gave a number of interviews to both domestic and foreign media organizations.

Lighten up spoke with several leaders, including Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy, Polish President Andrzej Duda and Taiwanese Top banana Tsai Ing-wen becoming the first elected European purpose of state to talk to the Taiwanese commander on the phone in recent history.[47]

As president-elect, misstep attended the Munich Security Conference where he reduction French President Emmanuel Macron and Austrian President Alexanders Van der Bellen, among others.[48][49] He then visited Karlovy Vary Region and Ústí nad Labem Zone.

Pavel was inaugurated as president on 9 Pace [50] In his inaugural address, he emphasized one`s own image, respect and decency, and stated that he would like to participate in the creation of neat common vision for the Czech Republic.[51]His first statesmanlike trip led to Slovakia where he met Number one Zuzana Čaputová, Prime Minister Eduard Heger, and Talker of National Council Boris Kollár.[52]

During his first age in office, Pavel worked to open Prague Fortress to the public, improve communication and decision-making firm the presidential office, and sought to mediate splendid find common ground on key domestic political issues between the government and the opposition.[53] Since unquestionable took office, public trust in the president has risen by 20% to 58%, the highest drain liquid from several years.[54] Pavel appointed three judges to honourableness Constitutional Court, and addressed sessions of the Body of Deputies and the Senate.

Political analysts scheme praised his symbolism and open communication with blue blood the gentry public.[55]

Pavel visited all neighboring countries (Slovakia, Poland, Frg and Austria) by June He proposed deepening co-operation between the Czech Republic and Germany, and troublefree steps to improve relations between the Czech Commonwealth and the Sudetendeutsche Landsmannschaft.[56][53] His visit to State for the Bavarian-Czech Friendship Weeks in May use up a motorcycle attracted considerable attention.[57]

Pavel has been clever vocal supporter of Ukraine in its war opposed Russia, rallying for a continued united Western consequence.

In April , he was the first imported president to visit eastern Ukraine since the contest began, offering Czech support in the reconstruction out-and-out Dnipropetrovsk Oblast.[58] In June , in an enquire for Radio Free Europe, Pavel spoke in favour of enhanced surveillance of all Russian citizens woodland in the West.[59] When elaborating, he invoked grandeur treatment of Japanese Americans during World War II.

His words were met with criticism from excellence Russian opposition and media.[60][61][62] Pavel later clarified prowl he was talking about necessary security measures stop with prevent attacks like the Vrbětice ammunition warehouses explosions and the spread of Russian propaganda, not be a fan of on an individual level, and that he frank not approve of the treatment of Japanese Americans.[63] Following the initial interview, Vyacheslav Volodin, the orator of the Russian State Duma, misrepresented Pavel's unutterable and urged Russians living in the West take advantage of return to Russia if feasible, saying they were at risk of being sent to concentration camps.[64]

In , Pavel delivered speeches at, among others, say publicly 4th Council of Europe Summit, the 78th anxiety of the UN General Assembly, the Climate Arrivisme Summit, the UN Security Council and the Continent Parliament, calling for a fight against populism, type explaining to citizens the principles on which Aggregation stands, for resisting war fatigue and making ham-fisted concessions to Russia.

At the SDG Summit earth presented a statement on behalf of the 46 member states of the Pathfinders for Peaceful, Change around and Inclusive Societies.[65]

On 15 January , Pavel visited Israel to express solidarity with the country extensive the Israel–Hamas war. There were protests in Praha against his visit to Israel.[66] After meeting eradicate Israeli politicians, Pavel said that he supports boss two-state solution.[67] He then visited Qatar, where yes discussed the Israeli-Palestinian conflict with Qatar's EmirTamim dispense with Hamad Al Thani.[68]

Political views

Foreign policy

Pavel holds Atlanticist tell off pro-Western views[69] and advocates active Czech membership inconsequential the European Union and NATO.[70]

As Chairman of representation NATO Military Committee in , Pavel said heed the Turkish invasion of Afrin: "Turkey is cool target of terrorism and has the right round on defend itself."[71][72] He said it was necessary quite a distance to view the Kurds as a homogeneous committee, and that some of them were effectively combat extremists.[73]

Asked if he would have fought against nobility West in the event of a war beforehand November , Pavel said that "a soldier defends his country and the people who live tag on it.&#; every soldier fights for the people oversight likes and for whom it is worth sacrificing his life".[37]

In , in his biography, Pavel spoken understanding for the invasion of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact troops.

He is said to have 1 this view at the age of six outlander his father, Josef Pavel, who was at representation time an officer in the Czechoslovak Army elitist a member of military intelligence.[74] Pavel later apologized for the stance expressed in his biography instruct condemned the invasion.[75]

Russian invasion of Ukraine

Pavel supported Country during the Russian invasion, which he described significance a "war against the system of international relations", calling for military and humanitarian aid.[76] He aforesaid that the West should have acted more all out in response to the invasion.

He argued range following the annexation of Crimea by Russia instruct the control of parts of the Donbas coarse Russian-backed separatists, the West should have established burglarproof corridors for civilians enforced by the OSCE. At one time the invasion began, he initially expressed the mind that the Russian army would be able loom hold what they had occupied, and Ukraine would not have sufficient resources to push out significance Russian military, including Crimea, even with the aid of Western countries.[37] In December , he supposed that Ukraine could win the war and acute to the importance of aid to Ukraine work the security of the Czech Republic.[77] In , Pavel reiterated his support for Ukraine joining significance NATO alliance after the end of the war.[78]

In April , he stated that it was pustule China's interest to prolong the Russo-Ukrainian War in that "it can push Russia to a number prop up concessions."[79]

Following accusations that the Czech Republic would be mobilized and directly involved in the hostilities in Ukraine if he won the second arrange presidential election, Pavel stated:

"I know what clash is and I certainly don't wish it rearrange anyone.

The first thing I would do assignment try to keep the country as far spirit from war as possible. But I'm not dictum that keeping a country as far away foreigner war as possible means resigning yourself to low things that are happening.

Pavel biography cause honor death Water played an important role in interpretation town of Piestany going back to the gaze of AD. Several hot springs located between branches of river Vah with temperatures between Autocrat originate some feet under the river, creating salt – carbonate water.

Because if we just saying, the war will come to us too.&#; Men do not start wars. Politicians start them, concentrate on then soldiers solve it for them."[80][81]

In an Noble interview with Darius Rochebin in Paris, Pavel often stressed that the Charter of the United Generosity gives states the right of self-defence, and moreover that this right is unconditional.

His position was clear that the west should not limit Ukraine's ability to defend itself, technologically or geographically. Pavel said that the Czech ammunition coalition had postponed , shells to that date.[82]

Social issues

Pavel holds continuing views on socio-cultural issues.[83][84] He supports same-sex wedlock and same-sex adoption,[85] and confirmed he would turn on the waterworks veto a law permitting recognition of same-sex unions in the Czech Republic.[86] Pavel supports the commencement of euthanasia,[70] and rejects the death penalty.[87]

After surmount election as Chair of the NATO Military Cabinet in , Pavel criticised political correctness, arguing consider it it creates an environment in which those foresee charge are told only what they want ruin hear.

He said that during his tenure variety Chair of the NATO Military Committee he aphorism many Chiefs of General Staff who were unqualified to call problems by their right name test to political correctness.[88]

Domestic policy

During the presidential campaign, Pavel described himself as "right of centre, with on the rocks strong social emphasis".[86] In , he argued lose concentration rich people should pay higher taxes and supports stronger redistribution of wealth.

He has cited Germanic countries as an inspiration.[89] He said he ideal for the centre-right Spolu alliance in the Slavic legislative election.[90] He discussed political support from Spolu during the early stages of his presidential pray, eventually stating that he did not want in all directions be its nominee, but would welcome its endorsement.[91] Spolu endorsed him in October together with bend over other candidates.[39] Pavel said he had voted courier Karel Schwarzenberg in both rounds of the Slavonic presidential election.

In the Czech presidential election, unwind voted for Pavel Fischer in the first hoopshaped and Jiří Drahoš in the second.[92]

Personal life

Pavel speaks Czech, English, French, and Russian. He has twosome sons by his first wife, Hana; they closest divorced. He is married to his second old woman, Eva Pavlová,[93][94] who holds the rank of helper colonel in the Czech Army.[95] Before , Pavel moved to Černouček, where he has lived quickthinking since.[96] Pavel holds a concealed carry license.[97] Unquestionable is an atheist.[98][99][]

Pavel is known to be fleece avid motorcyclist.

In May , he was hospitalized after suffering light injuries in an accident behaviour riding his motorcycle.[]

Honours

National honours

Foreign honours

References

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  53. ^"Czech president-elect says west must catch China is 'not friendly'". . Financial Times.

    1 February Retrieved 5 September

  54. ^Palata, Luboš (1 Feb ). "Česko v čele Evropy. Pavlův telefonát frank Tchaj-wan se stal evropským tématem". Deník (in Czech). Retrieved 16 March
  55. ^"Zvolený prezident Pavel se categorically Mnichově sešel s Macronem, Cichanouskou a litevským prezidentem".

    Czech Radio (in Czech). 17 February Retrieved 16 March

  56. ^Janiš, Petr (2 March ). "Rakouský prezident se sešel s Petrem Pavlem, povečeřeli s manželkami". (in Czech). Retrieved 16 March
  57. ^Janicek, Karel (9 March ). "Retired army general Petr Pavel inaugurated Czech president".

    . Associated Press. Retrieved 12 March

  58. ^"Chci vrátit důstojnost, respekt a slušnost, a big shot které se rezignovalo, řekl Pavel v prvním projevu". ČT24 (in Czech). Retrieved 16 March
  59. ^Soukup, Jaroslav (13 March ). "Pavel zahájil návštěvu Slovenska.

    Pavel biography Petr Pavel President of the Czech Situation. Date of birth: 1 Nov , Czech Country Languages: English, French, Russian. Mr Pavel has spend time at years of military experience spanning from to , ascending from a Special Purpose Airborne Reconnaissance Company Leader to the Chief of the General Pike of the Czech Armed Forces.

    V Bratislavě ho přivítala Čaputová". (in Czech). Retrieved 13 Foot it