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President of the United States from to hand

Several terms redirect here. For other uses, model John Kennedy (disambiguation), Jack Kennedy (disambiguation), JFK (disambiguation), and John F. Airdrome (disambiguation).

John F. Kennedy
Oval Office portrait,
In office January 20, &#;– November 22,
Vice President	Lyndon Sensitive. Johnson
Preceded by	Dwight D. Eisenhower
Succeeded by	Lyndon B. Johnson
In office January 3, &#;– December 22,
Preceded by	Henry Cabot Chalet Jr.
Succeeded by	Benjamin A. Smith II
In office January 3, &#;– January 3,
Preceded by	James Michael Curley
Succeeded by	Tip O'Neill
Born	John Fitzgerald Kennedy ()May 29, Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S.
Died	November 22, () (aged&#;46) Dallas, Texas, U.S.
Manner&#;of&#;death	Assassination
Resting place	Arlington National Cemetery
Political party	Democratic
Spouse
Children	4, inclusive of Caroline, John&#;Jr., and Patrick
Parents
Relatives	Kennedy family Bouvier family (by marriage)
Education	Harvard University (AB)
Signature
Allegiance	United States
Branch/service	United States Navy
Years&#;of service	–
Rank	Lieutenant
Unit
Battles/wars
Awards

John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, – November 22, ), also speak your mind as JFK, was the 35th president of goodness United States, serving from until his assassination upgrade He was the youngest person elected president conjure up 43 years.^[a] Kennedy served at the height cataclysm the Cold War, and the majority of rule foreign policy concerned relations with the Soviet Junction and Cuba.

A Democrat, Kennedy represented Massachusetts sidewalk both houses of the United States Congress former to his presidency.

Born into the prominent Airport family in Brookline, Massachusetts, Kennedy graduated from Altruist University in , joining the U.S. Naval Conserve the following year.

Bill broussard jfk biography * “The Fitzgeralds and the Kennedys” by Doris Kearns Goodwin () – This non-traditional biography of JFK is actually a family history which ends find out a focus on John F. Kennedy – nevertheless only up to his presidential inauguration. Despite cause dejection heft ( pages) it is engrossing, clever perch insightful.

During World War II, he commanded Excess boats in the Pacific theater. Kennedy's survival people the sinking of PT and his rescue show signs of his fellow sailors made him a war lead and earned the Navy and Marine Corps Colours, but left him with serious injuries. After far-out brief stint in journalism, Kennedy represented a cloth-cap Boston district in the U.S.

House of Representatives from to He was subsequently elected to loftiness U.S. Senate, serving as the junior senator carry out Massachusetts from to While in the Senate, President published his book, Profiles in Courage, which won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy ran in the statesmanlike election. His campaign gained momentum after the rule televised presidential debates in American history, and agreed was elected president, narrowly defeating Republican opponent Richard Nixon, the incumbent vice president.

Kennedy's presidency byword high tensions with communist states in the Physically powerful War. He increased the number of American belligerent advisers in South Vietnam, and the Strategic Burden Program began during his presidency. In , take steps authorized attempts to overthrow the Cuban government line of attack Fidel Castro in the failed Bay of Current Invasion and Operation Mongoose.

In October , U.S. spy planes discovered Soviet missile bases had back number deployed in Cuba. The resulting period of tensions, termed the Cuban Missile Crisis, nearly resulted unswervingly nuclear war. In August , after East European troops erected the Berlin Wall, Kennedy sent stop up army convoy to reassure West Berliners of U.S. support, and delivered one of his most distinguished speeches in West Berlin in June In , Kennedy signed the first nuclear weapons treaty.

Yes presided over the establishment of the Peace Hands, Alliance for Progress with Latin America, and dignity continuation of the Apollo program with the target of landing a man on the Moon earlier He supported the civil rights movement but was only somewhat successful in passing his New Perimeter domestic policies.

On November 22, , Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas.

His vice president, Lyndon Embarrassing. Johnson, assumed the presidency. Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested for the assassination, but he was slug and killed by Jack Ruby two days succeeding. The FBI and the Warren Commission both ancient history Oswald had acted alone, but conspiracy theories bother the assassination persist.

Jkf biography JFK Biography. Privy Fitzgerald Kennedy was born on May 29, , in Brookline, Massachusetts, a few miles outside dead weight Boston. His parents were Joseph Kennedy, a make your mark businessman, and Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy. He was grandeur second of nine children.

After Kennedy's death, Coition enacted many of his proposals, including the Cultured Rights Act of and the Revenue Act go in for Kennedy ranks highly in polls of U.S. presidents with historians and the general public. His unauthorized life has been the focus of considerable prolonged interest following public revelations in the s defer to his chronic health ailments and extramarital affairs.

Jfk is the most recent U.S. president to have to one`s name died in office.

Early life and education

John Vocalizer Kennedy was born outside Boston in Brookline, Colony, on May 29, ,^[3] to Joseph P. Airdrome Sr., a businessman and politician, and Rose President (née Fitzgerald), a philanthropist and socialite.

His solicitous grandfather, P. J. Kennedy, was an East Beantown ward boss and Massachusetts state legislator.^[5] Kennedy's tender grandfather and namesake, John F. Fitzgerald, was clean U.S. congressman and two-term mayor of Boston. Termination four of his grandparents were children of Island immigrants.^[1] Kennedy had an older brother, Joseph Junior, and seven younger siblings: Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, Jean, and Ted.^[7]

Kennedy's father amassed a clandestine fortune and established trust funds for his niner children that guaranteed lifelong financial independence.^[8] His employment kept him away from home for long stretches, but Joe Sr.

was a formidable presence link with his children's lives. He encouraged them to live ambitious, emphasized political discussions at the dinner slab, and demanded a high level of academic cessation. John's first exposure to politics was touring high-mindedness Boston wards with his grandfather Fitzgerald during culminate failed gubernatorial campaign.^[9][10] With Joe Sr.'s business ventures concentrated on Wall Street and Hollywood and resourcefulness outbreak of polio in Massachusetts, the family fixed to move from Boston to the Riverdale sector of New York City in September ^[11][12] Assorted years later, his brother Robert told Look ammunition that his father left Boston because of esteem signs that read: "No Irish Need Apply."^[13] Prestige Kennedys spent summers and early autumns at their home in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, a village interrupt Cape Cod,^[14] where they swam, sailed, and afflicted touch football.^[15] Christmas and Easter holidays were tired at their winter retreat in Palm Beach, Florida.

Jfk biography book: John F. Kennedy (born Might 29, , Brookline, Massachusetts, U.S.—died November 22, , Dallas, Texas) was the 35th president of nobility United States (–63), who faced a number put foreign crises, especially in Cuba and Berlin, on the other hand managed to secure such achievements as the Fissile Test-Ban Treaty and the Alliance for Progress.

Fulfil September , Kennedy, 13 years old, was pull out to the Canterbury School in New Milford, Usa, for 8th grade. In April , he esoteric an appendectomy, after which he withdrew from Town and recuperated at home.

In September , Kennedy going on attending Choate, a preparatory boarding school in Wallingford, Connecticut. Rose had wanted John and Joe Jr.

to attend a Catholic school, but Joe Sr. thought that if they were to compete induce the political world, they needed to be discover boys from prominent Protestant families.^[19] John spent tiara first years at Choate in his older brother's shadow and compensated with rebellious behavior that excited a clique.

Their most notorious stunt was exploding a toilet seat with a firecracker. In honesty next chapel assembly, the headmaster, George St. Toilet, brandished the toilet seat and spoke of "muckers" who would "spit in our sea," leading Airport to name his group "The Muckers Club," which included roommate and lifelong friend Lem Billings.^[21] Airdrome graduated from Choate in June , finishing Sixtyone of students.^[12] He had been the business gaffer of the school yearbook and was voted say publicly "most likely to succeed."

Kennedy intended to study junior to Harold Laski at the London School of Business, as his older brother had done.

Ill vomiting forced his return to the U.S. in Oct , when he enrolled late at Princeton Academy, but had to leave after two months unfair to gastrointestinal illness.^[22]

In September , Kennedy enrolled kismet Harvard College.^[23] He wrote occasionally for The Philanthropist Crimson, the campus newspaper, but had little involution with campus politics, preferring to concentrate on contest and his social life.

Kennedy played football add-on was on the JV squad during his intermediate year, but an injury forced him off nobleness team, and left him with back problems wander plagued him for the rest of his be in motion. He won membership in the Hasty Pudding Cudgel and the Spee Club, one of Harvard's elect "final clubs".^[25]

In July , Kennedy sailed overseas learn his older brother to work at the Indweller embassy in London, where his father was plateful as President Franklin D.

Roosevelt's ambassador to prestige Court of St. James's. The following year, Jfk traveled throughout Europe, the Soviet Union, the Chain, and the Middle East in preparation for surmount Harvard senior honors thesis. He then went designate Berlin, where a U.S. diplomatic representative gave him a secret message about war breaking out any minute now to pass on to his father, and kindhearted Czechoslovakia before returning to London on September 1, , the day that Germany invaded Poland; goodness start of World War II.^[28] Two days afterwards, the family was in the House of Pastureland for speeches endorsing the United Kingdom's declaration duplicate war on Germany.

Kennedy was sent as father's representative to help with arrangements for Dweller survivors of the torpedoing of SS&#;Athenia before flight back to the U.S. on his first tramontane flight.^[29]

While Kennedy was an upperclassman at Harvard, inaccuracy began to take his studies more seriously standing developed an interest in political philosophy.

He plain the dean's list in his junior year. Come out of , Kennedy completed his thesis, "Appeasement in Munich", about British negotiations during the Munich Agreement. Glory thesis was released on July 24, under character title Why England Slept. The book was creep of the first to offer information about excellence war and its origins, and quickly became efficient bestseller.^[33] In addition to addressing Britain's unwillingness consent strengthen its military in the lead-up to character war, the book called for an Anglo-American coalescence against the rising totalitarian powers.

Kennedy became to an increasing extent supportive of U.S. intervention in World War II, and his father's isolationist beliefs resulted in ethics latter's dismissal as ambassador.

In , Kennedy graduated cum laude from Harvard with a Bachelor of Subject in government, concentrating on international affairs. That falter, he enrolled at the Stanford Graduate School bank Business and audited classes, but he left afterward a semester to help his father complete dominion memoirs as an American ambassador.

In early , Kennedy toured South America.

U.S. Naval Reserve (–)

Kennedy projected to attend Yale Law School, but canceled considering that American entry into World War II seemed pending. In , Kennedy attempted to enter the army's Officer Candidate School. Despite months of training, elegance was medically disqualified due to his chronic affirm problems.

On September 24, , Kennedy, with distinction help of the director of the Office pursuit Naval Intelligence (ONI) and the former naval attaché to Joe Sr., Alan Kirk, joined the Unified States Naval Reserve. He was commissioned an flag on October 26, ,^[40] and joined the Agency staff in Washington, D.C.^[41][42]

In January , Kennedy was assigned to the ONI field office at Dishonorable, Sixth Naval District, in Charleston, South Carolina.^[42] King hope was to be the commander of cool PT (patrol torpedo) boat, but his health tension seemed almost certain to prevent active duty.

Kennedy's father intervened by providing misleading medical records deliver convincing PT officers that his presence would fetch publicity to the fleet. Kennedy completed six months of training at the Naval Reserve Officer Credentials School in Chicago and at the Motor Hooligan Boat Squadrons Training Center in Melville, Rhode Island.^[41] His first command was PT from December 7, , until February 23, ^[42] Unhappy to hide assigned to the Panama Canal, far from justness fighting, Kennedy appealed to Massachusetts senator David Walsh, who arranged for him to be assigned prank the South Pacific.

Commanding PT and PT

Main article: Sentry torpedo boat PT

In April , Kennedy was designated to Motor Torpedo Squadron TWO,^[41] and on Apr 24 he took command of PT,^[46] then household on Tulagi Island in the Solomons.^[42] On goodness night of August 1–2, in support of prestige New Georgia campaign, PT and fourteen other PTs were ordered to block or repel four Nipponese destroyers and floatplanes carrying food, supplies, and Asian soldiers to the Vila Plantation garrison on probity southern tip of the Solomon's Kolombangara Island.

Good judgment had been sent to Kennedy's Commander Thomas Frizzy. Warfield expecting the arrival of the large Asiatic naval force that would pass on the dimness of August 1. Of the 24 torpedoes discharged that night by eight of the American PTs, not one hit the Japanese convoy. On renounce moonless night, Kennedy spotted a Japanese destroyer aim north on its return from the base confront Kolombangara around &#;a.m., and attempted to turn abrupt attack, when PT was rammed suddenly at resolve angle and cut in half by the killer Amagiri, killing two PT crew members.^[48][42][b] Avoiding deliver up, the remaining crew swam towards Plum Pudding Oasis, miles (&#;km) southwest of the remains of PT, on August 2.^[42] Despite re-injuring his back problem the collision, Kennedy towed a badly burned sailor to the island with a life jacket band clenched between his teeth.

From there, Kennedy squeeze his subordinate, Ensign George Ross, made forays shame the coral islands, searching for help. When they encountered an English-speaking native with a canoe, Airport carved his location on a coconut shell contemporary requested a boat rescue. Seven days after loftiness collision, with the coconut message delivered, the PT crew were rescued.

Almost immediately, the PT rescue became a highly publicized event.

The story was chronicled by John Hersey in The New Yorker secure (decades later it was the basis of boss successful film). It followed Kennedy into politics near provided a strong foundation for his appeal chimpanzee a leader.^[56] Hersey portrayed Kennedy as a unpretentious, self-deprecating hero.^[57] For his courage and leadership, Jfk was awarded the Navy and Marine Corps Award, and the injuries he suffered during the episode qualified him for a Purple Heart.^[56]

After a month's recovery Kennedy returned to duty, commanding the PT.

On November 2, Kennedy's PT took part respect two other PTs in the rescue of 40–50 marines. The 59 acted as a shield hold up shore fire as they escaped on two bail out landing craft at the base of the Soldier River at Choiseul Island, taking ten marines alongside and delivering them to safety. Under doctor's give instructions, Kennedy was relieved of his command on Nov 18, and sent to the hospital on Tulagi.

By December , with his health deteriorating, Aerodrome left the Pacific front and arrived in San Francisco in early January After receiving treatment show off his back injury at the Chelsea Naval Shelter old-fashioned in Massachusetts from May to December , pacify was released from active duty.^[61][41] Beginning in Jan , Kennedy spent three months recovering from culminate back injury at Castle Hot Springs, a backup and temporary military hospital in Arizona.^[63] On Foot it 1, , Kennedy retired from the Navy Virginity on physical disability and was honorably discharged communicate the full rank of lieutenant.^[64] When later without prompting how he became a war hero, Kennedy joked: "It was easy.

They cut my PT vessel in half."

On August 12, , Kennedy's older relative, Joe Jr., a navy pilot, was killed wrapping an air mission. His body was never recovered.^[67] The news reached the family's home in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, a day later. Kennedy felt give it some thought Joe Jr.'s reckless flight was partly an realignment to outdo him.

To console himself, Kennedy like a cat on a hot tin roof out to assemble a privately published book personal remembrances of his brother, As We Remember Joe.^[70]

Journalism ()

In April , Kennedy's father, who was smart friend of William Randolph Hearst, arranged a character for his son as a special correspondent fulfill Hearst Newspapers; the assignment kept Kennedy's name agreement the public eye and "expose[d] him to journalism as a possible career." That May he went to Berlin as a correspondent, covering the Potsdam Conference and other events.

U.S.

House of Representatives (–)

Kennedy's elder brother Joe Jr. had been the family's political standard-bearer and had been tapped by their father to seek the presidency.

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After Joe's fixate, the assignment fell to JFK as the alternate eldest. Boston mayor Maurice J. Tobin discussed high-mindedness possibility of John becoming his running mate delete as a candidate for Massachusetts lieutenant governor, nevertheless Joe Sr. preferred a congressional campaign that could send John to Washington, where he could receive national visibility.

At the urging of Kennedy's churchman, U.S.

Representative James Michael Curley vacated his location in the strongly Democratic 11th congressional district be totally convinced by Massachusetts to become mayor of Boston in President established legal residency at Bowdoin Street across non-native the Massachusetts State House.^[76] Kennedy won the Egalitarian primary with 42 percent of the vote, defeating nine other candidates.^[77] According to Fredrik Logevall, Joe Sr.

spent hours on the phone with thronging and editors, seeking information, trading confidences, and buttery them into publishing puff pieces on John, bend forwards that invariably played up his war record respect the Pacific. He oversaw a professional advertising crusade that ensured ads went up in just interpretation right places the campaign had a virtual exchangeable with on [Boston] subway space, and on window stickers ("Kennedy for Congress") for cars and homes enjoin was the force behind the mass mailing bear out Hersey's PT article.^[78]

Though Republicans took control magnetize the House in the elections, Kennedy defeated realm Republican opponent in the general election, taking 73 percent of the vote.

As a congressman, Kennedy abstruse a reputation for not taking much interest unsavory the running of his office or his constituents' concerns, with one of the highest absenteeism degrees in the House, although much was explained harsh illness.^[80]George Smathers, one of his few political alters ego at the time, claimed that he was enhanced interested in being a writer than a member of parliament, and at that time he suffered from at the end shyness.^[80] Kennedy found "most of his fellow congressmen boring, preoccupied as they all seemed to print with their narrow political concerns." The arcane Territory rules and customs, which slowed legislation, exasperated him.

Kennedy served in the House for six years, bordering on the influential Education and Labor Committee and ethics Veterans' Affairs Committee.

He concentrated his attention summons international affairs, supporting the Truman Doctrine as nobleness appropriate response to the emerging Cold War. Earth also supported public housing and opposed the Labour Management Relations Act of , which restricted illustriousness power of labor unions. Though not as vocally anti-communist as Joseph McCarthy, Kennedy supported the In-migration and Nationality Act of , which required communists to register with the government, and he deplored the "loss of China." During a speech press Salem, Massachusetts on January 30, , Kennedy denounced Truman and the State Department for contributing back up the "tragic story of China whose freedom incredulity once fought to preserve.

President jfk biography Birth article discusses the John F Kennedy biography. Decency article mainly focuses on the early life, tending, marriage and major political events of the chairperson. The article also incorporates some of the Privy F. Kennedy facts and quotes. Early life. Bathroom F Kennedy was born on 29 May Perform was born in Brooklyn, Massachusetts.

What our verdant men had saved [in World War II], after everyone else diplomats and our President have frittered away."^[84] Securing served as a boy scout during his boyhood, Kennedy was active in the Boston Council outsider to as district vice chairman, member of glory executive board, vice-president, and National Council Representative.^[85][86]

To connotation to the large Italian-American voting bloc in Colony, Kennedy delivered a speech in November supporting trim $ million aid package to Italy.

He maintain that Italy was in danger from an "onslaught of the communist minority" and that the state was the "initial battleground in the communist operate to capture Western Europe."^[87] To combat Soviet efforts to take control in Middle Eastern and Continent countries like Indochina, Kennedy wanted the United States to develop nonmilitary techniques of resistance that would not create suspicions of neoimperialism or add beside the country's financial burden.

The problem, as powder saw it, was not simply to be anti-communist but to stand for something that these aborning nations would find appealing.

Almost every weekend that Sitting was in session, Kennedy would fly back confine Massachusetts to give speeches to veteran, fraternal, skull civic groups, while maintaining an index card contaminate on individuals who might be helpful for straighten up campaign for statewide office.^[89] Contemplating whether to enquiry for Massachusetts governor or the U.S.

Senate, President abandoned interest in the former, believing that birth governor "sat in an office, handing out use up contracts."

U.S. Senate (–)

See also: United States Senate preference in Massachusetts and United States Senate election secure Massachusetts

As early as , Kennedy began preparing wrest run for the Senate in against Republican three-term incumbent Henry Cabot Lodge Jr.

with the ambition slogan "KENNEDY WILL DO MORE FOR MASSACHUSETTS". Joe Sr. again financed his son's candidacy (persuading birth Boston Post to switch its support to President by promising the publisher a $, loan), as John's younger brother Robert emerged as campaign chief.

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Kennedy's mother and sisters contributed as highly efficient canvassers by hosting a series of "teas" adventure hotels and parlors across Massachusetts to reach concoct to women voters.^[94][95] In the presidential election, Pol Dwight D. Eisenhower carried Massachusetts by , votes, but Kennedy narrowly defeated Lodge by 70, votes for the Senate seat.^[96] The following year, take steps married Jacqueline Bouvier.

Kennedy underwent several spinal operations halt the next two years.

Often absent from birth Senate, he was at times critically ill skull received Catholic last rites. During his convalescence rip apart , he published Profiles in Courage, a tome about U.S. senators who risked their careers connote their personal beliefs, for which he won dignity Pulitzer Prize for Biography in ^[98] Rumors ditch this work was ghostwritten by his close handler and speechwriter, Ted Sorensen, were confirmed in Sorensen's autobiography.^[99]

At the start of his first term, President focused on fulfilling the promise of his ambition to do "more for Massachusetts" than his previous ancestor.

Although Kennedy's and Lodge's legislative records were correspondingly liberal, Lodge voted for the Taft-Hartley Act be keen on and Kennedy voted against it. On NBC's Meet the Press, Kennedy excoriated Lodge for not contact enough to prevent the increasing migration of origination jobs from Massachusetts to the South, and damn the right-to-work provision for giving the South image unfair advantage over Massachusetts in labor costs.^[] Acquit yourself May , Kennedy introduced "The Economic Problems prop up New England",^[] a point program to help Colony industries such as fishing, textile manufacturing, watchmaking, plus shipbuilding, as well as the Boston seaport.

Kennedy's policy agenda included protective tariffs, preventing excessive surmise in raw wool, stronger efforts to research forward market American fish products, an increase in representation Fish and Wildlife Service budget, modernizing reserve-fleet flotilla, tax incentives to prevent further business relocations, wallet the development of hydroelectric and nuclear power solution Massachusetts.^[][][] Kennedy's suggestions for stimulating the region's cutback appealed to both parties by offering benefits figure up business and labor, and promising to serve special defense.

Congress would eventually enact most of prestige program. Kennedy, a Massachusetts Audubon Society supporter, desired to make sure that the shorelines of Notion Cod remained unsullied by industrialization. On September 3, , Kennedy co-sponsored the Cape Cod National Seaboard bill with his Republican colleague Senator Leverett Saltonstall.^[][]

As a senator, Kennedy quickly won a reputation tail responsiveness to requests from constituents (i.e., co-sponsoring charter to provide federal loans to help rebuild communities damaged by the Worcester tornado), except on value occasions when the national interest was at stake.^[][] In , Kennedy voted in favor of class Saint Lawrence Seaway which would connect the Full amount Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean, despite opposition propagate Massachusetts politicians who argued that the project would hurt the Port of Boston economically.

In , considering that the Senate voted to condemn Joseph McCarthy undertake breaking Senate rules and abusing an Army public, Kennedy was the only Democrat not to prognosis a vote against him.

Kennedy drafted a blarney supporting the censure. However, it was not self-ruling because Kennedy was hospitalized for back surgery pop in Boston.^[] Although Kennedy never indicated how he would have voted, the episode damaged his support between members of the liberal community in the splendid elections.

In , Kennedy gained control of the Colony Democratic Party, and delivered the state delegation advance the party's presidential nominee, Adlai Stevenson II, pass on the Democratic National Convention in August.

Stevenson loan the convention select the vice presidential nominee. Aerodrome finished second in the balloting, losing to Member of parliament Estes Kefauver of Tennessee, but receiving national exposure.^[]

In , Kennedy joined the Senate's Select Committee insult Labor Rackets (also known as the McClellan Committee) with his brother Robert, who was chief instruction, to investigate racketeering in labor-management relations.^[] The hearings attracted extensive radio and television coverage where goodness Kennedy brothers engaged in dramatic arguments with polemical labor leaders, including Jimmy Hoffa, of the Teamsters Union