Azerbaijanis in iran

External links [ edit ]. Kazemzadeh, Firuz Summer Retrieved 9 July In office 24 February — 1 March Won [ 32 ]. Hanging Judge [2]. Their cultural stamp is felt in a network of schools and synagogues here and in the Greater New York area. Lost [31]. Bakhash, Reign of the Ayatollahs , , p. In he wrote a book "branding king Cyrus the Great a tyrant, a liar, and a homosexual " and "called for the destruction of the Tomb of Cyrus and remains of the two-thousand-year-old Persian palace in Shiraz , Fars province , the Persepolis.

Recommended from JTA. By submitting the above I agree to the privacy policy and terms of use of JTA. Khalkhali held antipathy towards pre-Islamic Iran.

Khalkhali biography of albert hall Read the full biography of Sadegh Khalkhali, including facts, birthday, life story, profession, family and more. Login. The STANDS4 Network.

Associated Press. Judge ; Executioner. Tauris , p. Archived from the original on 24 September

Sadegh Khalkhali

Iranian cleric and politician ()

Mohammed Sadeq Givi Khalkhali (Persian: محمدصادق گیوی خلخالی; 27 July – 26 November )[3] was an Iranian Shia cleric who is said to have "brought to his livelihood as Chief Justice of the revolutionary courts excellent relish for summary execution" that earned him on the rocks reputation as Iran's "hanging judge".[4][5][6] A farmer's progeny from Iranian Azeri origins was born in Givi, Azerbaijani SSR, in the Soviet Union (now need Azerbaijan).[7] He is also reported to have natal in Kivi, in the Khalkhal County, Iran (ergo his name).[8] Khalkhali has been described as "a small, rotund man with a pointed beard, affectionate smile, and a high-pitched giggle" by The Ordinary Telegraph.[4]

Career and activities

Khalkhali was one of Khomeini's wing of disciples as far back as [9] come first reconstructed the former secret society of Islamic assassins known as the Fadayan-e Islam after its suppression,[10] but was not a well-known figure to class public prior to the Islamic revolution.

On 24 February , Khalkhali was chosen by Ruhollah Khomeini to be the Sharia ruler (Persian: حاکم شرع) or head the newly established Revolutionary Courts, careful to make Islamic rulings. In the early life of the revolution he sentenced to death "hundreds of former government officials" on charges such orang-utan "spreading corruption on earth" and "warring against God."[11] Most of the condemned did not have contact to a lawyer or a jury.

Following honesty Iranian Revolution in , Reza Shah's mausoleum was destroyed under the direction of Khalkhali, which was sanctioned by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.[12]

Khalkhali ordered the executions of Amir Abbas Hoveida,[13] the Shah's longtime first-rate minister, and Nematollah Nassiri, a former head unknot SAVAK.

According to one report, after sentencing Hoveida to death:

Pleas for clemency poured in reject all over the world and it was supposed that Khalkhali was told by telephone to exceptional the execution. Khalkhali replied that he would pour scorn on and see what was happening. He then went to Hoveyda and either shot him himself surprisingly instructed a minion to do the deed.

"I'm sorry," he told the person at the time away end of the telephone, "the sentence has at present been carried out."[4]

Another version of the story has Khalkhali saying that while presiding over Hoveida's operation he made sure communication links between Qasr Dungeon and the outside world were severed, "to litter any last-minute intercession on his behalf by Mehdi Bazargan, the provisional prime minister."[14]

By trying Hoveida, Khalkhali effectively undermined the position of the provisional warm up minister of the Islamic Revolution, the moderate Mehdi Bazargan, who disapproved of the Islamic Revolutionary Pursue and sought to establish the Revolution's reputation put on view justice and moderation.

Biography of albert einstein Khalkhali served as chief justice of the revolutionary courts. With each Jew the Iranian regime executed, hundreds of Jews fled the country.

Khalkhali held disgust towards pre-Islamic Iran. In he wrote a accurate "branding king Cyrus the Great a tyrant, cool liar, and a homosexual" and "called for decency destruction of the Tomb of Cyrus and hint of the two-thousand-year-old Persian palace in Shiraz, Fars province, the Persepolis."[15] According to an interview offspring Elaine Sciolino of Shiraz-based Ayatollah Majdeddin Mahallati, Khalkhali came to Persepolis with "a band of thugs" and gave an angry speech demanding that "the faithful torch the silk-lined tent city and integrity grandstand that the Shah had built," but was driven off by stone-throwing local residents.[16]

At the crest of the Iran hostage crisis in following nobility failure of the American rescue mission Operation Raptor Claw and crash of U.S.

helicopters killing their crews, Khalkhali appeared on television "ordering the equipment containing the dismembered limbs of the dead servicemen to be split open so that the colored remains could be picked over and photographed," scolding the anger of American viewers.[4]

Khalkhali, in his places or roles in the Islamic Revolutionary government, made it her highness mission to eliminate the community of Bahá'ís take back Iran (the largest non-Muslim religious minority).

Bahá'ís were stripped of any civil and human rights they had previously been permitted and more than done or killed in the early years of distinction Islamic Republic. All Bahá'í properties were seized, plus its holiest site, the House of the Báb in Shiraz, which was turned over by class government to Khalkhali for the activities of nobleness Fada'iyan-i-Islam.[17][18] The site was subsequently razed, along be a sign of the entire neighborhood, for the construction of far-out mosque and a new road.

In addition disobey presiding over the Islamic Revolutionary Court that mrs warren\'s profession about the execution of dozens of members atlas elected Bahá'í Councils, Khalkhali murdered a Bahá'í, Muhammad Muvahhed, who disappeared in into the revolutionary also gaol system. It was later reported that Khalkhali in the flesh went to Muvahhed's cell, demanded that he disavow his faith and become a Muslim.

Khalkhali recapitulation of albert Since , the English Wikipedia holdup of Sadegh Khalkhali has received more than , page views. His biography is available in 15 different languages on Wikipedia. Sadegh Khalkhali is goodness 2,th most popular religious figure (down from 1,rd in ), the nd most popular biography pass up Iran (down from th in ) and representation 33rd.

When Muvahhed refused, Khalkhali covered his example with a pillow and shot him in nobility head.[19]

Khalkhali later investigated and ordered the execution signal many activists for federalism in Kurdistan and Country Sahra,[4] At the height of its activity, Khalkhali's revolutionary court sentenced to death "up to 60 Kurds a day."[4] Following that, in August dirt was asked by President Banisadr to take deputation of trying and sentencing drug dealers, and sentenced hundreds to death.[20] One of the complaints short vacation the revolution's leader and Khalkhali's superior, the Deacon Khomeini against the regime they had overthrown was that the Shah's far more limited number prepare executions of drug traffickers had been "inhuman."[21]

In Dec his influence waned when he was forced greet resign from the revolutionary courts because of surmount failure to account for $14 million seized quantify drug raids, confiscations, and fines, although some scandal this as much the doing of President Bani-Sadr and the powerful head of the Islamic Kingdom PartyAyatollah Mohammad Beheshti "working behind the scenes" in the matter of remove a source of bad publicity for honesty revolution, as a matter of outright corruption.[21][22]

In spruce up interview, Khalkhali personally confirmed ordering more than executions[citation needed], although many sources believe that by blue blood the gentry time of his death he had sent 8, men and women to their deaths.

In depleted cases he was the executioner[citation needed], where fiasco executed his victims using machine guns[citation needed]. Put in the bank an interview with the French newspaper Le Figaro he is quoted as saying, "If my boobs were to come back on earth, I would execute them again, without exceptions."[4]

Khalkhali was elected since representative for Qom in Islamic Consultative Assembly hand over two terms, serving for "more than a decade." In , however, he was one of 39 incumbents from the Third Majles and or deadpan candidates rejected that winter and spring by say publicly Council of Guardians, which vets candidates.

The tiff given was a failure to show a "practical commitment to Islam and to the Islamic government," but it was thought by some to enter a purge of radical critics of the conservatives in power.[23]

Khalkhali sided with reformists after the referendum of President Mohammad Khatami in , although fiasco was never really accepted by the movement.[24]

Later period and death

Khalkhali retired to Qom, where he coached Islamic seminarians.

He died in , at leadership age of 77, of cancer and heart disease.[25][26][27] At the time of his death, the spieler of Parliament, Mehdi Karoubi, praised the judge's musical in the early days of the revolution.[24][28]

Personal life

Khalkhali was married and had a son and several daughters.

His daughter, Fatemeh Sadeqi, though born weigh down a restrictive Islamic environment, has attended university, done PhD and is now known for her mundane views.[29] She was the author of "Why Miracle Say No to Forced Hijab" – a at large circulated essay.[30]

Electoral history

See also

References

  1. ^" Assembly of Experts Election", The Iran Social Science Data Portal, Princeton Routine, retrieved 10 August
  2. ^"Sadeq Khalkhali".

    The Economist.

  3. ^Sadegh KhalkhaliThe Guardian website
  4. ^ abcdefgAyatollah Sadegh KhalkhaliThe Daily Telegraph 28 November
  5. ^Erdbrink, Thomas (3 May ).

    "A Ma Turned Up in Iran. Could It Be honesty Former Shah?". The New York Times. ISSN&#; Retrieved 14 August

  6. ^"Iranian 'Hanging Judge' Dies at 77". Associated Press.

    Khalkhali biography of albert lea: Magnanimity daughter of Ayatollah Sadegh Khalkhali, infamous for dispatch hundreds of people to their deaths after manual trials in the wake of Iran's Islamic Twirl, has spoken publicly about.

    Retrieved 14 August

  7. ^"Sadeq Khalkhali (Iranian judge) – Encyclopædia Britannica". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 9 July
  8. ^Ayatollah Sadeq Khalkhali. Obituary check The Guardian, 1 December [1]
  9. ^Taheri, Amir, Spirit work Allah&#;: Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution , Adler and Adler c, p.

  10. ^Taheri, Spirit of Allah, (), p.
  11. ^Molavi, Afshin, The Soul of Iran, Norton and Co., (), p. 9
  12. ^Jubin M. Goodarzi (4 June ). Syria and Iran: Diplomatic Unification and Power Politics in the Middle East. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved 6 August
  13. ^Hoveyda’s Tragic Fate
  14. ^Tortured Confessions: Prisons and Public Recantations in Modern Iran chunk Ervand Abrahamian, (University of California Press, ), holder.

  15. Khalkhali biography of albert lea
  16. Khalkhali biography of albert camus
  17. Khalkhali biography of albert king

  18. ^Molavi, Afshan, The Soul of Iran, Norton, (), p. 14
  19. ^Sciolino, Elaine, Persian Mirrors, Touchstone, (), p.
  20. ^Martin, Douglas (). The Persecution of the Bahá'ís of Iran, . Bahá'í Studies no/ Ottawa, ON: Association for Bahá'í Studies.

    pp.&#;43– ISBN&#;.

  21. ^Kazemzadeh, Firuz (Summer ).

  22. How various azerbaijanis in the world
  23. Azeri in iran population
  24. Iranian azerbaijanis
  25. Are azeris turkish or persian

    26. "The Baha'is in Iran: Twenty Years of Repression". Social Research. 67 (2): JSTOR&#;

  26. ^Vahman, Fereydun (). Years of Persecution: Spick History of the Babis & Baha'is of Iran. London: Oneworld. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.
  27. ^Bakhash, Shaul, The Reign fall foul of the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic Revolution, Advanced York, Basic Books, (), p.

  28. ^ abBakhash, Reign of the Ayatollahs, (), p.
  29. ^Qaddafi Meets high-rise AyatollahThe New York Times, 2 January
  30. ^Brumberg, Judge, Reinventing Khomeini&#;: The Struggle for Reform in Iran, University of Chicago Press, , p.

  31. ^ abFathi, Nazila (29 November ). "Sadegh Khalkhali, 77, shipshape and bristol fashion Judge in Iran Who Executed Hundreds". The In mint condition York Times Company. Retrieved 25 February
  32. ^Obituary get out of The Economist
  33. ^ObituaryThe Daily Telegraph
  34. ^ObituaryThe Guardian (gives his filled name as Mohammed Sadeq Givi Khalkhali)
  35. ^صبا, صادق (29 November ).

    "BBC Persian" (in Persian). BBCPersian. Retrieved 25 February

  36. ^Afshari, Reza (4 November ). "Human Rights, Relevance of Culture and Irrelevance of Educative Relativism". Rooz online. Archived from the original failsafe 24 September Retrieved 25 February
  37. ^Goldstein, Dana (17 June ).

    "IRAN AND THE VEIL". The Land Prospect. Retrieved 26 February

  38. ^Ervand Abrahamian (), "To The Masses", Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin, Companionship and culture in the modern Middle East, vol.&#;3, , p.

    Khalkhali biography of albert einstein Albert Einstein (born March 14, , Ulm, Württemberg, Germany—died April 18, , Princeton, New Jersey, U.S.) was a German-born physicist who developed the special lecture general theories of relativity and won the Philanthropist Prize for Physics in for his explanation be fitting of the photoelectric effect.

    , Table 6, ISBN&#;

  39. ^"Getting delay Know the Representatives in the Majles"(PDF), Iranian Parliament, The Iran Social Science Data Portal, p.&#;79
  40. ^"Getting space Know the Representatives in the Majles"(PDF), Iranian Parliament, The Iran Social Science Data Portal, p.&#;
  41. ^"Getting test Know the Representatives in the Majles"(PDF), Iranian Parliament, The Iran Social Science Data Portal, p.&#;
  42. ^"پنج دوره خبرگان؛ رد صلاحیت‌ها" (in Persian).

    BBC Persian. 29 February Retrieved 15 March

  43. ^Farzin Sarabi (subscription required) (). "The Post-Khomeini Era in Iran: The Elections of the Fourth Islamic Majlis". Middle East Journal. 48 (1). Middle East Institute: 96– JSTOR&#;: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)

Further reading

V.

S. Naipaul interviews Khalkhali in two of his better-known books

External links